WEBVTT
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(quirky music)
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Many years ago, over cosmic, exuberant, jazz,
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legendary musician Sun Ra and his orchestra
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excitedly sang out over and over again,
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"Space is the place".
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♪ Space is the place ♪
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♪ Space is the place ♪
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They sound optimistic, energized,
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like they know something the listener doesn't
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and that they're trying to let us in on the secret.
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So what exactly did they mean?
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Space is the place for what?
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Black holes, alien worlds, robotic exploration,
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fantastic expeditions, gardening?
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Yes, you heard that right, gardening.
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Ohio State is deeply involved
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in the next generation of space research,
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and the discoveries we're expected to make
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could soon have profound impacts down here on planet Earth.
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(upbeat music)
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I am Franny Lazarus,
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and you're listening to "Now at Ohio State".
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We talk with researchers, innovators, and bold thinkers
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who look at our world, see what the real challenges are,
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and create the solutions that people need now.
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So before you start thinking about space crops
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and farming on the moon, let's begin slowly.
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Liftoff starts with a big picture conversation
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about space research at Ohio State
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and the partners joining us on this ambitious endeavor.
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John Horack is the Neil Armstrong Chair in Aerospace Policy
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in the College of Engineering at Ohio State.
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Additionally, he's a leading member of Ohio State's
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George Washington Carver Science Park initiative
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and its fascinating Starlab testing facility.
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John sits down with our Tatyana Woodall
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to discuss the future of space research,
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the initiative itself,
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and how Ohio State is playing a major role
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in the future of space discovery.
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So John, you're a professor
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in mechanical and aerospace engineering
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as well as the Neil A Armstrong chair in Aerospace Policy
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in the College of Engineering here at Ohio State.
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You also work at NASA, where you're responsible
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for advanced complex science and exploration research.
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Can you tell me about how you use
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that obvious passion for science and space
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to pivot from one public institution to another,
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and sort of what your work entails here now?
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Yeah, so it's interesting.
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My appointment is both in
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mechanical and aerospace engineering
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and in the John Glenn College of Public Affairs.
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So it can be
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a very left brain-right brain kind of activity.
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You know, I think the one thing that I would say that,
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you know, I've had experience in NASA, in the space agency.
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I worked there for 17 years.
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I've also been in the private sector.
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I had profit responsibility at a company in Huntsville
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called Teledyne Brown Engineering.
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Did that for four years.
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And then I was also the Vice President for Research
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at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.
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So when you have sort of academia, government,
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and for-profit experience put together,
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I hope that it brings a more wholesome perspective
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on sort of how space is done across those three domains,
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and can be used both to inform research
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so that it's maybe more generative of outcomes
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that either serve a national interest priority
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or take advantage of a national interest opportunity,
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as well as gives me some opportunity to work with students
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who might want to have a range of career paths
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and say, "Well, here's what I know about that
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because I have some experience here.
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Here's what I know about that
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because I have some experience there."
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And to try to bring a more holistic perspective
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to the activity of space flight and space research
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that we do not only in the United States,
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but around the world.
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I know you're also one of the main spokespeople
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for the George Washington Carver Science Park,
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a first of its kind park
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devoted completely to science research.
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Can you explain what that program is
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and sort of its overall goals?
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Yeah, so there's two pieces to the work
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that we're doing there
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with regards to the George Washington Carver Science Park.
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The park itself is an opportunity for Ohio State
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to build an ecosystem of human beings, assets,
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capabilities, laboratories, facilities,
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students, faculty members
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to fortify the growth of commercial research
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in low Earth orbit that will be coming
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following the retirement
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of the International Space Station in 2030.
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And we are working with Voyager Space
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as well as the Starlab program,
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which is the name of one of the space stations
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that will follow the ISS.
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Starlab is itself a joint venture between Voyager, Airbus,
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Mitsubishi, company in Canada called MDA.
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And the Carver Science Park is the ground ecosystem
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to fortify all of that work that will go on in orbit.
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It can be very high consequence to failure.
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You kind of don't want to get up there and say,
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"Oh gee, wow, I should have brought
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a crescent wrench," right?
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I mean, those kinds of things
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need to be worked out on the ground
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so that when you get to space,
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you have as few surprises as possible.
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And plus, most people won't get to go fly in space.
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So where can you go to experience it as closely as possible
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and participate in it as meaningfully as possible?
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We believe that Ohio State
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is gonna be one of the major places in the world to do that
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when it comes to research in low Earth orbit
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in 2030 and beyond.
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Have there been any challenges
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that you foresee the park going through?
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And how do you see overcoming that?
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Research in some ways is what you call doing
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when you don't know exactly what you're doing, right?
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Research can be very sort of self guiding in the sense
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that the next question you ask is a function of
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what the answer is to the question you're asking now.
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So we will have all kinds of challenges, right?
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We will have technical challenges about, you know,
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how do we fully leverage the space flight environment
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to improve human health, right?
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How do we leverage the space flight environment
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to build innovative new materials
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that we can either learn how to make in space
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and come back down and do on the ground, or use in space.
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So there'll be technical challenges, right?
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We're coming into this new era
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where the intersection of government, commercial enterprises
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and the university research environment
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is new, it's emerging.
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We see the influence of commercial space now
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through things like the fact that we launch astronauts
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to the space station on a commercial basis.
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The national security enterprise in the United States
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is relying more and more on commercial companies
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as opposed to building
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their own $2 billion spacecraft and operating them.
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And the question has to be asked, you know, what is the role
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of the public land grant university in that going forward,
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given that we are here to educate people for citizenship,
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to help solve national and global challenges,
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and take advantage of the opportunities that are presented
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through our research, our faculty,
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our students, and our facilities.
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So there's a lot of innovation.
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And I think the list of challenges will be large,
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but I'm looking forward to them.
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Because if we're not encountering challenges,
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we're not breaking barriers, we're not innovating,
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and we're not moving forward.
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That's the definition of progress.
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If you climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the fact that it's uphill
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makes you tired, but it also tells you
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that you're headed in the right direction.
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Starlab won't launch until 2027.
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And you previously estimated
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that the park will be up and running mid 2028.
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So what's happening in the meantime
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to keep building momentum?
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I think a more accurate launch date
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is probably near the end of 2028.
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What we're aiming for, Tatyana,
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is to have some amount of overlap between Starlab
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and the International Space Station
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so that you have both up at the same time,
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so you can sort of transition from one to the other.
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But you don't want that to be too long,
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and you certainly don't want a gap.
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So what we have to do in the meantime
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is sort of begin to fill the pipeline of research
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so that we are ready to go
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the minute Starlab is launched into space.
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Different from the International Space Station,
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which took maybe four dozen, five dozen assembly flights,
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depending on how you want to count them,
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many of them from the space shuttle,
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but also from you know, non-human launches as well,
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station wasn't really ready to go for full utilization
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until long after,
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maybe 15 years after the first piece was launched.
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We can't do that in a commercial environment.
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So Starlab is designed to be
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what I'll call a ship and shoot space station.
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It's ready right outta the box.
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And so what we're doing now,
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even though we're in a temporary facility
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in the College of Food, Ag and Environmental Sciences
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in the Food, Ag and Biological Engineering Department,
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is that we're beginning to seed the garden for research,
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if I can continue with the food and ag environment analogy.
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That is that, you know, by the time you launch,
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we want some very ripe, robust tomato plants
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producing research fruit.
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And today we're putting the little seeds into little cups
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and watering them so they can grow
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and be incubated on the ground
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and find their way to space flight activities.
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Now, that crosses a huge dynamic range of research.
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I have a graduate student, Cassidy Brozovich,
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who's working on how to water plants in space.
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Another graduate student, Ed Louise,
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working on how to do cold welding in space.
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We just returned an experiment back to Ohio State
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that flew on a parabolic aircraft
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or the Vomit Comet that people call it
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to do zero G welding in space, also in vacuums.
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That was the first time that was ever done.
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So there's an enormous dynamic range of research ongoing
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at what I would call the early stages
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to grow it and support that research
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so that by the time Starlab is in orbit,
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we're ready to go with flight experiments.
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Taking that back to what you said about research fruit,
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can you tell me about why understanding
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and taking the time to invest in space research
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might be important for Ohioans on the ground?
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So space has become an essential element of life
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in the 21st century.
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From the time we wake up, even while we're sleeping,
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to the time we go to sleep,
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we're using space 24-7-365
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to find our way around, to order Uber Eats,
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your ADT system, you know, connects to satellites.
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It's just incredible what space has done for us.
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And like clean water, clean air, reliable power,
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it's an essential component of the modern world.
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And so not only has it become as important as those things,
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it is also now becoming
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an extremely important research environment
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for us to learn about how to live better on Earth.
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You said before that you believe humanity
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is basically already a spacefaring race,
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mainly because people have been in the ISS 24-7 since 2000.
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So can you tell me how you see the space industry
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continuing to evolve?
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And do you have any predictions about how big a spot,
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you know, this program will play,
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or like I said, Ohio State will play on that stage?
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So yes, in some ways
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humanity has been a spacefaring civilization
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ever since there was civilization,
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because we all ride on a spaceship called Planet Earth
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and we're stuck kind of, you know,
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2/3 of the way out from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
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We are spacefaring.
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Everything on Earth is spacefaring.
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Whether we choose to look at it that way or not,
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I believe that to be true.
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The fact that we have had people on orbit 24-7-365
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since November of 2000, you know, 24 years now,
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that's an amazing step forward for humanity,
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because now we not only go visit, but we live there.
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And so what I think you see
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is as we push humanity out into space
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and we spend longer times in space,
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we actually integrate space more deeply
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into our lives on the ground.
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Whether that's just by knowing
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or by having a sense of what it's like by being there
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or leveraging the space environment
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for better communications, better drugs, better materials,
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better knowledge and insight
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and understanding our place in the universe.
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Maybe the best thing we can do is use space
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to learn about our place in it
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so we can all be better by being better to each other,
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realizing that we share the same planet,
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we drink the same clean water, hopefully,
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we have to breathe the same air.
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And somehow we gotta figure it out rather than fight it out.
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'Cause the universe can be kind of agnostic
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about whether we're here or not.
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So let's be here.
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John, thank you so much for your time and for joining us.
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I feel like I've learned so much from you today.
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Tatyana, thanks.
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It's always great to work with you,
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and I look forward to doing
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many more things together with you
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as we push the envelope on low Earth orbit research
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here at Ohio State.
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(energetic music)
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Okay, okay, consider this.
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Plants in space.
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Our next guest is studying exactly that.
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Cassidy Brozovich
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is a graduate student in mechanical engineering
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and agricultural engineering.
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Her research aims to better understand
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and improve plant growing operations in space,
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and how we can take those findings
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and utilize them here on Earth.
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Again, our Tatyana Woodall sits down with Cassidy
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to discuss her research, her unique passion,
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and what her work means for biology and botany here on land.
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Cassidy, it's so good to talk to you again.
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Thanks so much for coming on today.
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Yeah, absolutely.
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I'm happy to be here.
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You're currently a PhD student
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in the College of Food, Agricultural
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and Environmental Sciences
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as well as a member of Ohio State Starlab
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George Washington Carver Science Park team.
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At first glance, these seem like very different pathways.
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So can you tell me a little bit about
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how you've taken really unique passions
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and joined them into a blossoming career?
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I did a lot of undergrad research here at OSU.
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I was in the same major I am in now,
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so Food, Ag and Bioengineering.
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But back then I was in something
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called ecological engineering.
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So I learned really early on that I really loved fluids
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through the stormwater stuff.
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I also got to look at a couple soil things.
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So I was like,
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"Okay, I like water and I like soil and that's great."
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And then I learned about our Starlab program
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and the involvement my department had in it,
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and it just sounded like something
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I've never really heard of before.
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I didn't know that space ag was a thing.
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And at first it was really overwhelming
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'cause I really didn't really feel like I had a place there.
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I was like, you know, everyone's studying rockets
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and propulsion and nuclear
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and like, all these like very traditional space things.
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But then I kind of found my little niche
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in the group of people who do this space ag, space biology,
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bioastronautics type of work.
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And I really just kind of fell in love with it.
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And the reason why I decided to stay with it was
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it was kind of one of situations where I sat with it
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and I was like, "Do I wanna do this for grad school,
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or do I wanna take this job offer I have in stormwater?"
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It was something that I couldn't quite put away,
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and I knew I would be mad at myself
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if I didn't explore it further.
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Diving deeper into your Starlab connection,
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what does the George Washington Carver Science Park program
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entail for students?
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And how can they get to interact
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or conduct research of their own
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inside the program's boundaries?
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It just opens doors.
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Having a program like that at OSU just allows students
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who maybe are like me and had this small inkling where like,
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"Oh, space is actually kind of cool.
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Didn't know that there was a place for me in it.
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So now what do I do with that?"
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And it's really kind of this place
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where you can foster that interest.
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People always say there's two things
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you gotta tell a room full of kids to make them excited,
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and it's space and dinosaurs.
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And I think if Ohio State just emphasizes that we have space
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and we're a university for space, students will flock.
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Why is growing plants in space
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traditionally such a difficult endeavor?
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Anytime you get into the spaceflight environment,
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especially living things,
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but anything we take for granted here on Earth changes.
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From crystallization of different molecules
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00:16:04.050 --> 00:16:06.060
when you're talking about materials,
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and then on the biology side
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you have cells forming differently.
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So sometimes, you know, here on Earth we get ellipse cells
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so it kind of looks like an oval,
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but in microgravity it's a perfect circle.
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And that just doesn't form like we have here on Earth.
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When it comes to plants though too, there's some mechanisms
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00:16:24.120 --> 00:16:26.280
and genes that we've been studying of like,
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what is the microgravity and gravity gene?
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00:16:29.820 --> 00:16:32.640
How does the plant know to put its roots in the ground
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00:16:32.640 --> 00:16:34.440
and the shoot up?
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And the root zone is where I'm kind of specialized in.
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00:16:37.650 --> 00:16:40.110
And it's just so fascinating to see like, you know,
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the shape and formation the roots take
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in a microgravity environment versus Earth.
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00:16:45.210 --> 00:16:47.010
So you could see like, you know,
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how are they planning to find the water
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and what changes when they get up there?
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00:16:51.210 --> 00:16:53.403
When normally on Earth, like you know,
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roots can kind of like, find the water,
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00:16:58.020 --> 00:17:00.090
they just kind of seek it out.
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00:17:00.090 --> 00:17:02.072
But when your water's not in a traditional place
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that you've been bred
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00:17:03.270 --> 00:17:07.140
for generations and generations to find, what do you do?
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00:17:07.140 --> 00:17:09.390
One of the things that's been an issue this whole time
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is water delivery.
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00:17:11.190 --> 00:17:14.010
So water itself acts very differently in space
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than it does on Earth.
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For one, it kind of globs up into a fun ball,
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whereas on Earth, if we're talking about growing plants
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and watering them,
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00:17:22.350 --> 00:17:26.250
you irrigate your roots and the water falls down
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and goes into our groundwater system.
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But in space, nothing falls down.
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They have these things called plant pillows,
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which is what they're currently using
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to grow the plants in right now.
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00:17:36.540 --> 00:17:40.290
And it's basically this tarp-like tissue box structure
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filled with this clay material,
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00:17:41.700 --> 00:17:43.980
and it's the same material you see on baseball fields.
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00:17:43.980 --> 00:17:46.530
So that orange stuff on a baseball field, they pack it up
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00:17:46.530 --> 00:17:48.720
and ship it up to space to grow plants.
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00:17:48.720 --> 00:17:51.450
And that plant pillow, there's one of two things
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00:17:51.450 --> 00:17:54.420
that normally happens for making it really difficult.
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The first is that the water will find the root
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00:17:56.850 --> 00:17:59.100
but then encapsulate the root.
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And because of differences in buoyancy when you go to space
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00:18:02.880 --> 00:18:05.910
and gas diffusion, it ends up suffocating the root
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00:18:05.910 --> 00:18:07.380
because there's no oxygen
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00:18:07.380 --> 00:18:08.970
able to get to that root at that point.
430
00:18:08.970 --> 00:18:11.790
So it kind of like, snugs it like a little sweater.
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00:18:11.790 --> 00:18:14.520
And the second thing that happens is
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00:18:14.520 --> 00:18:17.340
the water will find a corner within your plant pillow
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00:18:17.340 --> 00:18:18.173
and pool there,
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00:18:18.173 --> 00:18:20.400
and then the roots never have time to find it
435
00:18:20.400 --> 00:18:21.600
and they dry out.
436
00:18:21.600 --> 00:18:24.780
You already said sort of what they do now,
437
00:18:24.780 --> 00:18:26.820
but much of your research actually revolves around
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00:18:26.820 --> 00:18:28.230
plant container design.
439
00:18:28.230 --> 00:18:31.980
So can you explain why even minute details like that
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00:18:31.980 --> 00:18:34.620
are vital to future space experiments?
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00:18:34.620 --> 00:18:36.600
What we're hoping to do is get to that level
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00:18:36.600 --> 00:18:38.340
where we can have production scale
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00:18:38.340 --> 00:18:40.710
so that astronauts can eat that food,
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00:18:40.710 --> 00:18:43.020
mostly so that they can have that supplemental like,
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00:18:43.020 --> 00:18:44.970
nutritious, fresh vegetables.
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00:18:44.970 --> 00:18:47.130
And the water delivery of the root zone
447
00:18:47.130 --> 00:18:48.930
is really where it all starts.
448
00:18:48.930 --> 00:18:50.940
If you can't get water to your seed,
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00:18:50.940 --> 00:18:52.290
it will never germinate.
450
00:18:52.290 --> 00:18:54.477
And all these things we take for granted down here,
451
00:18:54.477 --> 00:18:56.827
you'll go up there and design anything and you're like,
452
00:18:56.827 --> 00:19:01.827
"I had no idea that gravity was involved in that working."
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00:19:02.100 --> 00:19:05.520
Just figuring out that getting water to the seed
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is exactly where I'm at right now.
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And trying to control the water movement
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so it doesn't suffocate it,
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but also so that it still finds it.
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Are there any other advantages
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00:19:16.590 --> 00:19:18.810
to doing the same kinds of experiments simultaneously,
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00:19:18.810 --> 00:19:20.160
both on the Earth and in space?
461
00:19:20.160 --> 00:19:21.210
Oh yeah, absolutely.
462
00:19:21.210 --> 00:19:24.210
So that's always really important in any kind of research.
463
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You always wanna have some kind of control.
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And we could kind of use that with, you know,
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having a lab on Earth and then having a lab in space.
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So with that analog facility that we're working in,
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you can set up everything, make sure everything works.
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The only thing you can't turn off is gravity
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and you can't turn on heavy radiation.
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So you can make sure everything works, everything plugs in,
471
00:19:43.710 --> 00:19:46.925
nothing's gonna like, blow up when you plug it in,
472
00:19:46.925 --> 00:19:48.180
and that you're ready to go.
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You have your procedures
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00:19:49.170 --> 00:19:52.200
for exactly the kind of environment you're gonna be in.
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So you have your experiment here on Earth
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00:19:54.360 --> 00:19:56.190
and you're gonna run the same exact thing
477
00:19:56.190 --> 00:19:58.290
that you then send up to space.
478
00:19:58.290 --> 00:20:00.990
And what that allows you to do is do a full comparison test.
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00:20:00.990 --> 00:20:02.970
So what are the results we're getting here on Earth?
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And then what results are we getting in space?
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00:20:05.280 --> 00:20:06.660
And then if they differ anywhere,
482
00:20:06.660 --> 00:20:09.450
it's, okay, is it because it's in space
483
00:20:09.450 --> 00:20:11.190
as to why that's a difference?
484
00:20:11.190 --> 00:20:14.640
And that's where you can get your little bits of information
485
00:20:14.640 --> 00:20:18.420
of like, "I had no idea that gravity was involved in that,
486
00:20:18.420 --> 00:20:19.560
but now I do,
487
00:20:19.560 --> 00:20:22.320
because it's very different than what I've got down here."
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00:20:22.320 --> 00:20:23.580
That's why it's really beneficial
489
00:20:23.580 --> 00:20:28.140
to have both your Earth asset and your space asset together.
490
00:20:28.140 --> 00:20:30.210
Can you speak to how encouraging plant science
491
00:20:30.210 --> 00:20:32.640
in low Earth orbit might also be beneficial
492
00:20:32.640 --> 00:20:35.640
for agricultural advances on the ground, especially in Ohio?
493
00:20:35.640 --> 00:20:38.040
Yeah, agriculture's a really big industry,
494
00:20:38.040 --> 00:20:39.360
especially in Ohio.
495
00:20:39.360 --> 00:20:41.640
You can kind of go 10 minutes out of any city
496
00:20:41.640 --> 00:20:43.140
and you'll hit farmlands.
497
00:20:43.140 --> 00:20:45.810
Space is super stressful for plants.
498
00:20:45.810 --> 00:20:48.570
And they kind of act like how plants act on Earth
499
00:20:48.570 --> 00:20:49.920
when they're sick.
500
00:20:49.920 --> 00:20:52.170
And if we're able to then, you know,
501
00:20:52.170 --> 00:20:54.390
fix the plant up in space
502
00:20:54.390 --> 00:20:56.820
and make it healthy again and really strong,
503
00:20:56.820 --> 00:21:00.360
and then maybe also some of the seeds of that plant
504
00:21:00.360 --> 00:21:01.680
are different
505
00:21:01.680 --> 00:21:04.140
because they were in that microgravity environment
506
00:21:04.140 --> 00:21:06.810
and grew in that microgravity environment
507
00:21:06.810 --> 00:21:08.250
and were exposed to radiation,
508
00:21:08.250 --> 00:21:09.540
so maybe some mutations happened,
509
00:21:09.540 --> 00:21:12.000
but maybe they were beneficial mutations.
510
00:21:12.000 --> 00:21:14.070
We can then bring those seeds back down on Earth
511
00:21:14.070 --> 00:21:18.780
and have a strong crop, like really, really strong crop
512
00:21:18.780 --> 00:21:21.870
that is able to endure drought,
513
00:21:21.870 --> 00:21:24.870
which has been really important this past year in Ohio.
514
00:21:24.870 --> 00:21:27.870
Maybe you can have a plant that is able to adapt
515
00:21:27.870 --> 00:21:29.430
to extreme drought,
516
00:21:29.430 --> 00:21:33.240
maybe a plant that can do extreme hot and cold.
517
00:21:33.240 --> 00:21:34.530
Maybe you can have a plant
518
00:21:34.530 --> 00:21:38.220
that grows in a more compressed manner.
519
00:21:38.220 --> 00:21:39.570
So maybe you wanna have,
520
00:21:39.570 --> 00:21:43.380
in controlled ag, that vertical farming aspect,
521
00:21:43.380 --> 00:21:47.730
maybe you can have multiple rows of a crop like corn
522
00:21:47.730 --> 00:21:49.650
which takes up a lot of space on a field,
523
00:21:49.650 --> 00:21:51.330
but maybe you can make it shorter
524
00:21:51.330 --> 00:21:54.630
through adaptations of being in a space flight environment
525
00:21:54.630 --> 00:21:57.390
and confined to the very, very small area
526
00:21:57.390 --> 00:21:59.670
you're given in space to grow plants.
527
00:21:59.670 --> 00:22:03.060
Maybe we can grow a corn in space that's really compact,
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really high in nutrients,
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and then we could take that seed from that plant
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that we grew up there and then bring it back down here.
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So if we can make a plant grow in space,
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we can make a plant grow anywhere down here on Earth.
533
00:22:13.860 --> 00:22:16.140
And that's kind of where I hit home with a lot of people.
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You know, I'm working on water delivery for plants
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that might be grown in lunar regolith.
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Lunar regolith is basically moon dirt.
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00:22:24.750 --> 00:22:28.555
And it does not, like, plants don't want to grow in it.
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00:22:28.555 --> 00:22:30.510
It's not good for that.
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00:22:30.510 --> 00:22:32.490
And it's basically like a sand,
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00:22:32.490 --> 00:22:34.170
but a really, really fine sand.
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And if I can make a plant grow in that substance,
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00:22:38.100 --> 00:22:40.260
then I can make a plant grow on Earth
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00:22:40.260 --> 00:22:41.940
where there's places like, you know,
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00:22:41.940 --> 00:22:45.810
desertification happening and poor soil health.
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00:22:45.810 --> 00:22:47.910
So that's kind of how it connects the two.
546
00:22:48.840 --> 00:22:50.550
Well, Cassidy, it's been a pleasure to talk to you.
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00:22:50.550 --> 00:22:52.920
You've been doing and will be continuing to do
548
00:22:52.920 --> 00:22:54.060
some really groundbreaking research,
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00:22:54.060 --> 00:22:55.560
and I can't wait to see where it goes.
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00:22:55.560 --> 00:22:57.030
Thank you so much for having me today.
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00:22:57.030 --> 00:22:59.220
This has been an absolute honor and pleasure.
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00:22:59.220 --> 00:23:00.655
Thank you.
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00:23:00.655 --> 00:23:03.488
(energetic music)
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00:23:15.420 --> 00:23:17.790
There's so much we've yet to learn about space,
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00:23:17.790 --> 00:23:20.490
how water flows in a zero gravity environment,
556
00:23:20.490 --> 00:23:23.280
how to grow potentially life-sustaining plants,
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00:23:23.280 --> 00:23:26.700
and how to address uniquely human health challenges.
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00:23:26.700 --> 00:23:27.925
It's abundantly clear
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00:23:27.925 --> 00:23:30.390
that the future of space research is thriving,
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00:23:30.390 --> 00:23:31.500
and it's exciting to know
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00:23:31.500 --> 00:23:35.028
that Ohio State is on the forefront of these discoveries.
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00:23:35.028 --> 00:23:37.590
♪ Space is the place ♪
563
00:23:37.590 --> 00:23:40.350
So maybe Sun Ra and his orchestra were right.
564
00:23:40.350 --> 00:23:45.350
He knew, to sow a cosmic garden, space really is the place.
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00:23:46.160 --> 00:23:47.825
♪ Free ♪
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00:23:47.825 --> 00:23:50.824
♪ Space is the place ♪
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00:23:50.824 --> 00:23:53.407
(upbeat music)
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00:24:00.667 --> 00:24:02.250
"Now at Ohio State" is produced by
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00:24:02.250 --> 00:24:03.660
the Ohio State University's
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00:24:03.660 --> 00:24:05.850
Office of Marketing and Communications.
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00:24:05.850 --> 00:24:10.830
For more information, visit us at go.osu.edu/now.
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00:24:10.830 --> 00:24:12.000
I'm Franny Lazarus.
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00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:13.860
Thanks for listening.
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00:24:13.860 --> 00:24:16.443
(upbeat music)